This is perhaps the most important part of the process. Nothing is more important; though there may be some components which are almost equally important.
You must have a clear picture of the outcome you want.
What will it look like? How will things be different? How will the environment change (this can include people, things, plants, animals, or anything that may be impacted by this outcome)?
Write it down as clearly as possible, understanding that while adjustments may have to be made in some circumstances, this is your initial compass, direction or outcome.
Write down and understand where you are going. Paint a picture, usually in words, of how you will know you got there. This should be measurable by others as well as your self.
Start with the End In Mind.
Tuesday, November 11, 2008
Monday, November 10, 2008
Motivation
We have already talked a little about motivation under “Accountability” and “A Goal Must Be Achievable”.
The best motivations in life are the natural ones. One of the biggest mistakes in behavioral therapy is the substitution of natural consequences or rewards for ones which are contrived. An example of this would be teaching a child with a developmental disability how to appropriate request a hug and then rewarding the request with an M & M. While this sounds absurd, this and similar things happen all the time. How many people reward their own weight loss with a treat of some kind?
Sometimes contrived consequences/rewards can be effective when used as an interim reward, as long as the ultimate reward/consequence is natural. For example, when reading a text book in preparation for a test, you may reward yourself with a slice of orange for every section you get through; however, it is unlikely that the reward for doing well on the test or getting an A in the class will be a box of oranges. More natural rewards are going to be more in line with a feeling of accomplishment, completing another step towards the degree, completing the degree, getting a good job, etc.
The best motivations in life are the natural ones. One of the biggest mistakes in behavioral therapy is the substitution of natural consequences or rewards for ones which are contrived. An example of this would be teaching a child with a developmental disability how to appropriate request a hug and then rewarding the request with an M & M. While this sounds absurd, this and similar things happen all the time. How many people reward their own weight loss with a treat of some kind?
Sometimes contrived consequences/rewards can be effective when used as an interim reward, as long as the ultimate reward/consequence is natural. For example, when reading a text book in preparation for a test, you may reward yourself with a slice of orange for every section you get through; however, it is unlikely that the reward for doing well on the test or getting an A in the class will be a box of oranges. More natural rewards are going to be more in line with a feeling of accomplishment, completing another step towards the degree, completing the degree, getting a good job, etc.
A good goal includes accountability and often consequences.
While there are some people who are so disciplined that they do not need anyone to be accountable to except themselves, those people are few. It is best to have someone or a group to report to on a regular basis. Sometimes it is important to have a consequence. Many years ago I had a professor who helped people with smoking cessation. (His plan for accountability and consequences required both an honest and a determined client.) He and his client would make a plan. His client would give him ten checks. Each one would be written out to an organization that the client detested. If the client stuck with the plan each week, one check would be torn up in front of the client. If the client did not meet his or her objective for that week, my professor would mail the check to the organization. Today, I believe I would want to put something like this into practice with cash and would have a tendency to want to be able to verify the outcomes; however, the principle is the same.
There are as many options to accountability and consequences as imagination will allow.
There are as many options to accountability and consequences as imagination will allow.
A good goal, effectively carried out, produces measurable outcomes.
Goals need to be written such that others can observe and see a discernable difference, change or gain that is a direct result of the goal being achieved.
This statement can be more complicated than you might think as sometimes goals are achieved quite by accident or by other coorelational means. Sometimes you might just say “what the heck” and move on, grateful for the accomplishment of the goal. In some situations that’s fine; however, it make it more difficult to be duplicated. For more information on variables that may impact your goal writing, go to What are some of the often overlooked independent variables?
This statement can be more complicated than you might think as sometimes goals are achieved quite by accident or by other coorelational means. Sometimes you might just say “what the heck” and move on, grateful for the accomplishment of the goal. In some situations that’s fine; however, it make it more difficult to be duplicated. For more information on variables that may impact your goal writing, go to What are some of the often overlooked independent variables?
A good goal must be achievable.
The goal must be something that you or the individuals involved in the goal have the ability to accomplish. Often the best goals stretch your abilities but are not too easy. Harder goals can be achieved through higher motivation, greater self efficacy, and the correct tools (including accountability) to accomplish the goal.
High need for achievement
David Mclelland developed a theory of needs which motivate action. Included in this theory is high need for achievement. People with this need do better with goals that require real effort but are achievable. http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/mcclelland/ http://www.businessballs.com/davidmcclelland.htm
This requires that you have reasonable control over the required steps (objectives http://www.bestoutcomes.blogspot.com/) to accomplish your goals.
As people set and achieve increasingly difficult goals, their ability, understanding and capacity increases.
"We find that people's beliefs about their efficacy affects the sorts of choices they make in very significant ways. In particular, it affects their levels of motivation and perseverance in the face of obstacles. Most success requires persistent efforts, so low self-efficacy becomes a self-limiting process. In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, strung together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life." – Albert Bandura“Persons who have a strong sense of efficacy deploy their attention and effort to the demands of the situation and are spurred by obstacles to greater effort”. – Albert Bandura
Additional information: http://communitycollaboration.blogspot.com/2008/06/be-careful-what-you-ask-for.html
Please also see Ausubel’s Meaningful Reception Learning http://www.indiana.edu/~p540alex/Summer2003/unit4.html http://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/advorgbk02.htm
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED056848&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED056848
http://ndwild.psych.und.nodak.edu/book/summary/chap2.html
Meaningful Reception Learning tells me, and this is my experience, that I can work on learning a very difficult concept that I know nothing about or have no connections with based on the concepts of Ausubel. My experience and the understanding of this tool has provided me with the requisite efficacy. At about the age of 18/19 I needed to learn French. It was very difficult at first and I did not have a lot of self efficacy or belief that I could do it. I remember after memorizing something that I believed my brain was full and could absolutely not take anything else in. French does have some advantages for an English speaker over a language such as Japanese or Korean. French and English have a number of similar words, the alphabet is basically the same. According to Ausubel there was already some core information that I could attach new information to. After moving to Quebec and getting through the first six months, new information became easier and easier to assimilate. I compare it to creating a new dot of information and learning. Initially it can be really difficult but once that dot is there, as long as I continue to learn new things that I can connect to that dot, the dot becomes bigger and bigger the connections come easier. Were I to learn Japanese or Korean, that initial dot would be much more difficult than it was for French; however, once I had created enough information to start to make connections and I applied these principles, the difficulty would ease as and if I continued to learn.
High need for achievement
David Mclelland developed a theory of needs which motivate action. Included in this theory is high need for achievement. People with this need do better with goals that require real effort but are achievable. http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/mcclelland/ http://www.businessballs.com/davidmcclelland.htm
This requires that you have reasonable control over the required steps (objectives http://www.bestoutcomes.blogspot.com/) to accomplish your goals.
As people set and achieve increasingly difficult goals, their ability, understanding and capacity increases.
"We find that people's beliefs about their efficacy affects the sorts of choices they make in very significant ways. In particular, it affects their levels of motivation and perseverance in the face of obstacles. Most success requires persistent efforts, so low self-efficacy becomes a self-limiting process. In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, strung together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life." – Albert Bandura“Persons who have a strong sense of efficacy deploy their attention and effort to the demands of the situation and are spurred by obstacles to greater effort”. – Albert Bandura
Additional information: http://communitycollaboration.blogspot.com/2008/06/be-careful-what-you-ask-for.html
Please also see Ausubel’s Meaningful Reception Learning http://www.indiana.edu/~p540alex/Summer2003/unit4.html http://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/advorgbk02.htm
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED056848&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED056848
http://ndwild.psych.und.nodak.edu/book/summary/chap2.html
Meaningful Reception Learning tells me, and this is my experience, that I can work on learning a very difficult concept that I know nothing about or have no connections with based on the concepts of Ausubel. My experience and the understanding of this tool has provided me with the requisite efficacy. At about the age of 18/19 I needed to learn French. It was very difficult at first and I did not have a lot of self efficacy or belief that I could do it. I remember after memorizing something that I believed my brain was full and could absolutely not take anything else in. French does have some advantages for an English speaker over a language such as Japanese or Korean. French and English have a number of similar words, the alphabet is basically the same. According to Ausubel there was already some core information that I could attach new information to. After moving to Quebec and getting through the first six months, new information became easier and easier to assimilate. I compare it to creating a new dot of information and learning. Initially it can be really difficult but once that dot is there, as long as I continue to learn new things that I can connect to that dot, the dot becomes bigger and bigger the connections come easier. Were I to learn Japanese or Korean, that initial dot would be much more difficult than it was for French; however, once I had created enough information to start to make connections and I applied these principles, the difficulty would ease as and if I continued to learn.
A good goal must be written.
A well written goal must be specific.
It must include who is going to do what and when.
For example: I will complete this posting today.
Some have said that an unwritten goal is just a wish, or a goal without a plan is just a wish. http://casualkeystrokes.com/a-goal-without-a-plan-is-just-a-wish/
It must include who is going to do what and when.
For example: I will complete this posting today.
Some have said that an unwritten goal is just a wish, or a goal without a plan is just a wish. http://casualkeystrokes.com/a-goal-without-a-plan-is-just-a-wish/
What makes a good goal?
The best goals have the following components.
1. They are Written
2. They are Achievable
3. They are Measurable
4. They include Accountability
In addition there must be sufficient motivation to achieve the goal.
1. They are Written
2. They are Achievable
3. They are Measurable
4. They include Accountability
In addition there must be sufficient motivation to achieve the goal.
Saturday, November 8, 2008
Process vs Product
There is often much discussion about which is more important, process or product. Both are equaly important. You usually can not have product without process and process without product usually causes people to loose interest.
For the purpose of our discussion, our product is our outcome and our process is our output. We will talk about both. Setting the goal, along with all the features and components we will discuss here are an essential parts of the process.
When other are involved, it may be helpful to understand something about collaboration and partnership. You can read additional information at: Community Collaboration and Public Participation
For many people, how they got there is just as important as reaching the goal.
For the purpose of our discussion, our product is our outcome and our process is our output. We will talk about both. Setting the goal, along with all the features and components we will discuss here are an essential parts of the process.
When other are involved, it may be helpful to understand something about collaboration and partnership. You can read additional information at: Community Collaboration and Public Participation
For many people, how they got there is just as important as reaching the goal.
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